Tourism Waec Syllabus
Below is this years Waec Syllabus for Tourism. Note that this syllabus is for both internal and external candidates.
Aims and Objectives
- explain the concepts associated with tourism activities such as tourism, tourist, tourist attraction, tour operation, excursion, travel agency etc
- acquire knowledge of tourist attraction centers and their locations
- understand the financial, social, and developmental benefits of tourism to a nation
- explain the tourism and cultural festivals of a nation
- acquire the basic knowledge of the operations of a travel agency and tour businesses
- understand the roles and functions of public and private agencies in tourism
- develop skills in tourism entrepreneurship
Scheme of Examination
Detailed Tourism Syllabus
CONCEPTS AND TOURISM RESOURCES
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- Concepts
- Definition of tourism, tourist, visitor, tour, operation, excursion, recreation, leisure, hospitality, travel etc
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- Scope of tourism
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- History of tourism
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- Types of tourism
- domestic
- international
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- Forms of tourism
- Incoming/inbound
- out-coming /outbound
- international
- domestic
- long haul
- short haul
- business
- eco-environmental
- cultural
- religious/mistrial
- sport
- youth
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- Components
- attraction
- accessibility
- amenities
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- Tourist Products
- Definition of the tourist product
- Characteristics of tourist products (heterogeneous, intangible, immovable)
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- Tourist attractions and their locations
- natural (national parks, scenic features, beaches, coasts, landforms, etc)
- man-made monuments, museums, palaces, etc.
- social-cultural (historic monuments, festivals, carnivals, sports, etc)
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- Tourism statistics
- Meaning of tourism statistics
- inflow(arrival)
- outflow(departure)
- expenditure pattern
- data collection
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- Benefits of tourism
- Economic benefits:
- financial
- taxes
- levies
- the balance of payments
- foreign exchange earnings etc.
- Social benefits:
- cultural understanding
- job creation
- International co-operation
- Developmental benefits
- infrastructure
- road
- light
- water
- communication
- superstructure
- buildings
- flyovers
- rural development
- preserves nature
- use of land
- infrastructure
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- Festivals in Nigeria
- Argungu International Fishing Festival
- Oshogbo International Festival
- New Yam festival
- Shao mass wedding
- Sharo festival
- Fare Wrestling Festival etc
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- Heritages in a nation
- Sakur world heritage site
- Museums and monument
- Art galleries
- Museums
- Palaces
- Gidan Makama
- Shrines
BUSINESS AND ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS IN TOURISM
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- Reasons for travel
- Why people travel
- Physiological factors
- visit friends and relations
- holidays
- health
- Economic factors
- business shopping
- conference meetings
- trade fair exhibition
- Social factors
- religion
- sports
- beautiful natural sceneries
- fashion fare
- education
- self-esteem
- Physiological factors
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- Travel agency business
Meaning of travel agency/agent
- The roles and functions of a travel agent
- reservation
- ticketing
- visa procurement
- foreign exchange procurement, etc.
- Qualities of a travel agent
- resourcefulness
- marketing skills
- honesty /integrity
- good communication skills
- timeliness
- vision
- managerial ability
- good understanding of ICT
- creativity etc
Definition/meaning of tour operator
- Roles of a tour operator
- packaging
- marketing
- executing
- Qualities of a tour operator
- honesty
- good public relations
- good marketing skills
- good financial standing
- good knowledge of the environment
- innovativeness
- good understanding of ICT etc
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- Support services
- Support groups in the travel business
- financial support: insurance, banking, bureau de change
- transport facilities/car hire services
- souvenir shops, e.g., local crafts etc.
- accommodation hotel and catering services
- health services e.g., first aid, clinics, hospitals etc.
- security services
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- Public agencies in tourism
Identification and Roles of public agencies in Tourism
- Federal Ministry of Tourism, Culture and National Orientation
- State Tourism Boards
- Local Government Tourism Committees
- Parastatals
- Nigerian Tourism Development Corporation(NTDC)- policy implementation
- National Institute for Hospitality and Tourism (NIHOTOUR) Manpower development
- National Commission for Museums and Monuments (NCMM) Preservation of heritages
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- Private agencies in tourism
Identification and Roles of private tourism agencies in Nigeria
- Federation of Tourism Association of Nigeria (FTAN) – umbrella body for all private tourism agencies in Nigeria
- National Association of Nigeria Travel Agencies (NANTA) – regulates travel agencies
- Association of Nigerian Journalists and Writers on Tourism (ANTWT) – writes on tourism issues in national dailies and tourism magazines
- National Association of Tour Operators (NATOP) – regulates tour-operating businesses
- Nigerian Hotels Association (NHA)
- Hospitality and Tourism Management Association of Nigeria (HATMAN)- an umbrella body for all hospitality and tourism practitioners
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- Tourism marketing
Meaning of tourism marketing
- Tourism marketing strategies:
- segmentation
- mass marketing
- niche marketing(new emerging markets)
- Marketing tools in tourism
- electronic media
- television
- radio
- print media
- newspapers
- magazines
- journals
- publications
- fairs and exhibitions
- local fairs
- International fairs
- e-tourism
- Internet services
- e-banking
- e-reservation
- electronic billboard
- electronic media
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- Entrepreneurship in tourism
- Meaning of entrepreneurship
- Meaning of cottage industries
- Examples of cottage industries:
- Leather works, ceramics and pottery, bread making, tie and dye, hair weaving, painting, cloth weaving, raffia weaving etc
- Items produced in cottage industries:
- shoes, bags, wallets, belts etc.
- water pots, cooking pots, wall tiles, floor tiles etc.
- beads, ornaments, earrings etc.
- clothes, adire, kampalla etc.
- Jamaica beads, Ghana beads, chuku etc.
- Akwa-ocha, aso ofi, aso oke, akwete etc.
- Cane chairs, broom, raffia beds etc.
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- Service delivery in tourism
- Meaning of service delivery
- Service delivery in tourism:
- tour guards, ticket retailers, cooks, waiters, photographers, cultural dancers, drivers, game guards, reservation officers etc.
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- Skill acquisition
- Definition of skills
- Skill acquisition centers in a nation:
- Small and Medium Enterprise Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN)
- National Directorate of Employment (NDE)
- National Institute for Hospitality and Tourism (NIHOTOUR)
- National Institute for Cultural Orientation (NICO)
- Ushafa Pottery Centre etc.
SUGGESTED READING LIST
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- Brian Boniface and Christopher Cooper (2001). The Geography of Travel and Tourism, 3rd Edition, Published by Butterworth-Henneiman. London
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- Clins Cooper, John Fletcher, Alam Fyall, David Gilbert and Stephen Wallhill (2009). Tourism Principle and Practice, 2nd Edition, Published by Pehentice Hall. London.
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- Jeanne Semer Purzycki (2000). Travel Vision: A Practical Guide for the Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry, Published by Prechentice Hall.
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- John Hibbs (2000). An Introduction to Transport Studies, 3rd Edition, Published by Kogan Yak.
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