Refrigeration And Air-Conditioning Waec Syllabus
Below is this years Waec Syllabus for Refrigeration And Air-Conditioning. Note that this syllabus is for both internal and external candidates.
Aims and Objectives
No published Aims & Objectives.
Scheme of Examination
Detailed Refrigeration And Air-Conditioning Syllabus
Safety and first aid in the workshop
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- Workshop rules and regulations
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- Safety devices/equipment – helmet, goggles, safety boots, hand gloves, overall, apron sandbag, fire extinguishers, etc.
Identification and operation of various types of fire extinguishers
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- Accident: causes and prevention techniques.
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- First Aid – materials for First Aid, charts, posters and first aid box, etc
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- Application of first aid materials
Energy, matter and power
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- Energy
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- Nature of matter
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- Power
Temperature and pressure
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- Concept of temperature
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- Different types of thermometers, e.g., gas, resistance, liquid and thermocouple
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- Temperature scale conversion
- centigrade to Fahrenheit
- Celsius to Kelvin
- Fahrenheit to rankine
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- International practical temperature
- The boiling point of oxygen – 182.97ºC
- The triple point of water – 0.01 ºC
- The boiling point of water – 100 ºC
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- Concept of pressure
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- Different types of pressure measuring devices, e.g., barometer, manometer, bourdon tube gauge.
- Demonstration of the use of a barometer
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- Pressure measurement
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- Uses of suction and high-pressure gauges
- Demonstrate how suction and high-pressure gauges are used to determine the performance of a refrigerant
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- Effects of temperature, pressure and volume in refrigeration and air conditioning systems
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- Gas law, Boyles law, Charles law and Dalton’s law
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- Calculations involving general gas law. Formulae
- –Â Â P1 V1 = P2V2
- –Â Â P1 =Â P2
- –Â Â T1Â Â Â Â T2
- –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â V1Â = V2
- –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â T1Â Â Â Â T2
- –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â P1 V1 = P2V2
- –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â T1Â Â Â Â Â Â Â T2
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- Plotting various temperature scales
Refrigeration and air conditioning systems
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- Refrigeration cycle – Evaporation, compression, condensation and expansion
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- Layout diagram of refrigeration systems
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- Types and applications of the various forms of refrigeration
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- Principles of operation of forms of a refrigeration system
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- Functions of the component and accessories, e.g., relay, solenoid valves, capacitors and thermostat
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- Definition and types of refrigerants
- Identification of refrigerant by cylinder colours.
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- Chemical names and formulae
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- Properties and uses of refrigerants
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- Refrigerants flow controls, e.g., TEV, AEV, capillary tube
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- Operations of refrigerant flow controls
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- Psychometric properties of air.
- Demonstration of air conditioning principle by sling psychometer
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- The processes of air conditioning: heating and cooling
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- Latent and sensible heat, saturated and super-saturated vapour.
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- Demonstration of the difference between latent and sensible heat by use of methylated spirit on human skin
Compressors, Condenses and Evaporators
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- Types of compressors
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- Construction of compressors
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- Working principles of compressors
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- Construction of condensers
- Demonstrate how to service a condenser
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- Calculation of heat load on condensers
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- Types and functions of a liquid receiver and service valves
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- Principle of operation of a liquid receiver and service valves
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- Types of evaporators
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- Construction and services of evaporators
- Demonstrate how to service evaporators
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- Working principles of evaporators
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- Heat load estimates on evaporators
Workshop practices
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- Basic tools – hacksaw, coil spring benders, reamers, tube cutters, etc
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- Tools and procedures for servicing window unit air- conditioner
- Servicing of a window air-conditioner
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- Different methods of diagnosing faults: systematic and observation
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- Common faults in refrigeration systems and their symptoms – leakage, faulty units, faulty compressor, poor cooling and current leakage
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- Techniques of effective repairs in refrigeration and air - conditioning systems
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- Techniques of troubleshooting in a given system
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- Testing for leakages, polarity, insulation continuity, pressure and efficiency
- Demonstrate how to test for leakages, polarity continuity and efficiency
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- Maintenance of compressors, evaporators, motors, condensers, valves, accumulators and contactors
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- Demonstrate how to repair faults in compressors, evaporators, motors and condensers.
Installation processes
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- Concept of piping, ducting and trunking
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- Piping a condenser and an evaporator
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- Ducting, trunking and installation of air-conditioners
- Installation of a split air-conditioners
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- Piping, ducting and trunking tools – mallet hammer, flaring tools, silver tape, dot-punch, bending spring, amaflex, hacksaw, PVC pipes
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- Types, functions, operation and application of motors and generators
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- Installation procedures for motors and generators
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- Maintenance of motors and generators in a refrigeration system
- Servicing of motors and generators
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- Working principles of a cold room
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- Cold room installation procedures
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- Factors affecting cold room operations.
Insulation processes
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- Importance of insulation of refrigeration and air-conditioning systems
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- Types of insulating materials – glass wool, fibre glass, polystyrene foam, wood, bitumen, ceramic, etc
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- Functions and properties of insulation materials
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- Procedure for insulating refrigeration and air - conditioning systems
Entrepreneurship
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- Concept of business enterprise and types of businesses – sole proprietorship, partnership, limited liability, etc
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- Sources of finance – loan, mortgage, shares, overdrafts, savings, etc.
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- Types and functions of marketing styles
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- Meaningful marketing at the least cost
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- Carry out a commercial marketing survey to set up refrigeration and air-conditioning business
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- Marketing protocol and cost.
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- Principles of Accounting
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- The concept of business as a separate entity
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- Ledger, trial balance and balance sheet
- Preparation of ledger and balance sheet
LIST OF FACILITIES AND MAJOR EQUIPMENT/MATERIALS REQUIRED
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- Complete toolbox (RAC) –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 3
- Set of oxy-acetylene brazing equipment    –           2
- Power pillar drilling machine –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 1
- Power grinding machine –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 1
- Portable hand drilling machine –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 2
- Portable table grinding machine –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 2
- Vacuum pump –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 1
- Recovery and recycling machine –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 1
- Spotter recovery pump –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 2
- Table vice –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 4
- Workbench –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 2
- Hand blower –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 1
- D. O. T. recovery cylinders big size  –           1
- D. O. T. recovery cylinders (medium) Â Â Â Â – Â 1
- Manifold gauge                                                            –           2
- Reamers –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 4
- Pipe benders (various sizes) spring and mechanical –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 1
- Ratchet wrenches –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 2
- Hacksaw –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 4
- Pliers (different types)Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 1 each
- Set of screwdrivers –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 4
- Mallet hammers –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 2
- Ball-pein hammer –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 2
- Electronic leak detectors –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 1
- Electronic charging scale –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 2
- Trolleys –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 1
- Halogen touch light –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 1
- Alcometer –Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 1
- Various types of refrigerant (R134A, 600A and 717)
SUGGESTED READING LIST
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- Ananthranrayazan P. N. (2005) Basic refrigeration and air conditioning 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
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- Whitman, W. C. Johnson, W. M. (1995) Refrigeration’s Air-conditioning Technology 3rd Edition, Delmar Publisher, Albany, N. Y.
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- Rajput R. K. (2006) Refrigerant and air-conditioning 1st Edition, S. K. Kataria and Sons, Naizarak, Delhi.
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- Roy J. Dossat. Principles of Refrigeration 4th Edition, Spectrum Publishers.
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